Underwater Obstructions

Hidden hazards like rocks, logs, or reefs that can damage a hull or prop; charts, depth sounders, and local knowledge help avoid collisions.

Strategies to prevent accidents, including early course changes, clear signals, and adherence to ...

Laws established by individual states concerning boater education, vessel registration, equipment...

The arrangement of lateral or non-lateral buoys indicating safe channels, hazards, or controlled ...

The skill of interpreting nautical charts, including water depth (soundings), contours, and navig...

Detailed measurements of water depths, bottom contours, and hazards; updates from agencies like N...

Hitting an unseen hazard (log, rock). Boater ed covers immediate steps: check for leaks, engine d...

Floating debris (flotsam) or items thrown overboard (jetsam). Both can be navigation hazards, req...